{"id":1012,"date":"2026-03-03T23:34:04","date_gmt":"2026-03-03T15:34:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.coni.top\/blog\/?p=1012"},"modified":"2026-03-04T09:44:34","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T01:44:34","slug":"c-%e5%a4%9a%e7%ba%bf%e7%a8%8b%e4%b8%8e%e5%8e%9f%e5%ad%90%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.coni.top\/blog\/?p=1012","title":{"rendered":"C++ \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0e\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5728\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u624d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u4ea4\u9519\u987a\u5e8f\u7531\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u518d\u5177\u5907\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\uff08data race\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5728 C++ \u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f80\u5f80\u610f\u5473\u7740\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u4ece C++ \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840\u8bb2\u8d77\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>C++ \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e92\u65a5\u9501 <code>std::mutex<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0e\u4e34\u754c\u533a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c <code>std::atomic<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e memory order\uff08\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u89e3\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. C++ \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728 C++11 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5f00\u53d1\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e73\u53f0\u76f8\u5173 API\uff08\u5982 pthread \u6216 Windows API\uff09\u3002C++11 \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 <code>&lt;thread&gt;<\/code>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u6210\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u7ea7\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1  <code>std::thread<\/code><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><code>std::thread<\/code> \u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\uff1a\u8ba9\u4e00\u6bb5\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8d1f\u8d23\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e3b\u6d41\u7a0b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e24\u6761\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u540c\u65f6\u63a8\u8fdb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.2 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u65b9\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>#include &lt;iostream&gt;\n#include &lt;thread&gt;\n\nvoid work() {\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; \"\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\\n\";\n}\n\nint main() {\n    std::thread t(work);  \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b\n    t.join();             \/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\n}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><code>std::thread t(work);<\/code> \u5728\u6784\u9020\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>join()<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6210<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8c61\u9500\u6bc1\u524d\u6ca1\u6709 <code>join()<\/code> \u6216 <code>detach()<\/code>\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528 <code>std::terminate()<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u4efb\u52a1\u672c\u8eab\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53e5\u67c4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.3 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a <code>std::thread<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u901a\u5e38\u7ecf\u5386\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u6784\u9020\uff08\u7ebf\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>join()<\/code> \u6216 <code>detach()<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9500\u6bc1<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5fc5\u987b\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\u201c\u6536\u5c3e\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u5b89\u5168\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>if (t.joinable())\n    t.join();<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><code>joinable()<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u88ab\u56de\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.4 \u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u7ed9\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u6784\u9020\u7ebf\u7a0b\u65f6\u4f20\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>#include &lt;thread&gt;\n#include &lt;iostream&gt;\n\nvoid work(int value) {\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; \"\u53c2\u6570: \" &lt;&lt; value &lt;&lt; std::endl;\n}\n\nint main() {\n    std::thread t(work, 42);\n    t.join();\n}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u6309\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u4f20\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>std::ref(obj);<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5426\u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.5 \u4f7f\u7528 Lambda \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3 C++ \u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 lambda\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>#include &lt;thread&gt;\n#include &lt;iostream&gt;\n\nint main() {\n    std::thread t(&#91;](){\n        std::cout &lt;&lt; \"lambda \u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\\n\";\n    });\n\n    t.join();\n}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u5408\u5c40\u90e8\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.6 \u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>void task(int id) {\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; \"\u7ebf\u7a0b \" &lt;&lt; id &lt;&lt; \" \u6267\u884c\u4e2d\\n\";\n}\n\nint main() {\n    std::thread t1(task, 1);\n    std::thread t2(task, 2);\n    std::thread t3(task, 3);\n\n    t1.join();\n    t2.join();\n    t3.join();\n}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u987a\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e0d\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5b89\u6392\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.7 join \u4e0e detach<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u9009\u62e9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u7ed3\u675f\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">join()<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u5b50\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">detach()<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u9002\u5408\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5df2\u9500\u6bc1\u5bf9\u8c61<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6e05\u6670<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.8 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u8d28<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><code>std::thread<\/code> \u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5fc5\u987b\u7262\u8bb0\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0d\u53ef\u62f7\u8d1d\uff08copy deleted\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u52a8\uff08move semantics\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53ea\u80fd join \u6216 detach \u4e00\u6b21<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>std::thread t1(work);\nstd::thread t2 = std::move(t1);  \/\/ \u5408\u6cd5<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6240\u6709\u6743\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u590d\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><code>std::thread<\/code> \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u6761\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\uff08Data Race\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5f00\u59cb\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u624d\u521a\u521a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5371\u9669\u72b6\u6001\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684 <strong>\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\uff08Data Race\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>#include &lt;thread&gt;\n#include &lt;iostream&gt;\n\nint counter = 0;\n\nvoid add() {\n    for (int i = 0; i &lt; 100000; ++i)\n        counter++;\n}\n\nint main() {\n    std::thread t1(add);\n    std::thread t2(add);\n\n    t1.join();\n    t2.join();\n\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; counter &lt;&lt; std::endl;\n}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f4\u89c9\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f 200000\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7b49\u4e8e 200000\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>counter++;<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u81ea\u589e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u673a\u5668\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u62c6\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u8bfb\u53d6 <code>counter<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e00<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5199\u56de\u5185\u5b58<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ea4\u9519\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ebf\u7a0b A \u8bfb\u53d6\u5230 0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ebf\u7a0b B \u4e5f\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230 0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ebf\u7a0b A \u5199\u56de 1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ebf\u7a0b B \u5199\u56de 1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u6b21\u52a0\u6cd5\u88ab\u201c\u8986\u76d6\u201d\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728 C++ \u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u672a\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8bfb\u5199\u5c5e\u4e8e <strong>\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\uff08Undefined Behavior\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5b83\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u548c CPU \u6709\u6743\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u884c\u4e3a\u5c06\u5f7b\u5e95\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8868\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u5185\u5b58\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u987a\u5e8f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u4f1a\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u65f6\u523b\u5207\u6362\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0cCPU \u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u6307\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e71\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u91cd\u6392\u3002\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u673a\u5236\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u76f4\u89c9\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219\u662f\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u540c\u6b65\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u4e92\u65a5\u9501 std::mutex\uff1a\u4e3a\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u7acb\u79e9\u5e8f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u540c\u6b65\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u884c\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u5728 C++ \u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u751a\u81f3\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u8bbf\u95ee\u987a\u5e8f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u7ea6\u675f\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u89e3\u51b3\u601d\u8def\u4e5f\u5c31\u5f88\u660e\u786e\uff1a\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C++ \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e3a\u6b64\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u539f\u8bed \u2014\u2014 <code>std::mutex<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \u4e92\u65a5\u7684\u542b\u4e49<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><code>mutex<\/code> \u7684\u5168\u79f0\u662f mutual exclusion\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u4e92\u65a5\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff1a\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5165\u67d0\u6bb5\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u201d\uff08critical section\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6301\u6709\u67d0\u4e2a <code>mutex<\/code> \u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u83b7\u53d6\u8be5\u9501\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u5f85\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9501\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c<code>mutex<\/code> \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u53d8\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6267\u884c\u5efa\u7acb\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 \u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56de\u5230\u524d\u4e00\u8282\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 <code>std::mutex<\/code> \u6765\u7ea6\u675f\u8bbf\u95ee\u987a\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>#include &lt;thread&gt;\n#include &lt;iostream&gt;\n#include &lt;mutex&gt;\n\nint counter = 0;\nstd::mutex m;\n\nvoid add() {\n    for (int i = 0; i &lt; 100000; ++i) {\n        m.lock();\n        counter++;\n        m.unlock();\n    }\n}\n\nint main() {\n    std::thread t1(add);\n    std::thread t2(add);\n\n    t1.join();\n    t2.join();\n\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; counter &lt;&lt; std::endl;\n}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 <code>lock()<\/code> \u4e0e <code>unlock()<\/code> \u660e\u786e\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e92\u65a5\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c <code>counter++<\/code> \u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u6d88\u9664\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5728 <code>lock()<\/code> \u4e0e <code>unlock()<\/code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u6216\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u9501\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u9677\u5165\u6b7b\u9501\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3 C++ \u4e2d\uff0c\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u9501\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u63a8\u8350\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3 RAII \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u9501\u7ba1\u7406\uff1astd::lock_guard<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u66f4\u7b26\u5408 C++ \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 RAII \u5c01\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>void add() {\n    for (int i = 0; i &lt; 100000; ++i) {\n        std::lock_guard&lt;std::mutex&gt; lock(m);\n        counter++;\n    }\n}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><code>std::lock_guard<\/code> \u5728\u6784\u9020\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528 <code>lock()<\/code>\uff0c\u5728\u6790\u6784\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528 <code>unlock()<\/code>\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6790\u6784\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9501\u7684\u6301\u6709\u8303\u56f4\u4e25\u683c\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff1a<code>std::lock_guard<\/code> \u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>{\n    std::lock_guard&lt;std::mutex&gt; lock(m);\n    counter++;\n}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u660e\u786e\u5730\u754c\u5b9a\u4e86\u9501\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3002\u79bb\u5f00\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u65f6\uff0c\u9501\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5fd8\u8bb0\u89e3\u9501\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u4e2d\u65ad\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3 C++ \u63a8\u8350\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.4 \u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u9501\uff1astd::unique_lock<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u867d\u7136 <code>std::lock_guard<\/code> \u8db3\u591f\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u975e\u5e38\u201c\u514b\u5236\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u65e6\u6784\u9020\u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u52a0\u9501\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u524d\u89e3\u9501\u6216\u5ef6\u8fdf\u52a0\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>std::unique_lock&lt;std::mutex&gt;<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>lock_guard \u662f\u201c\u56fa\u5b9a\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u9501\u201d\uff0c<br>unique_lock \u662f\u201c\u53ef\u63a7\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u9501\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>void add() {\n    std::unique_lock&lt;std::mutex&gt; lock(m);\n    counter++;\n}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u548c <code>lock_guard<\/code> \u884c\u4e3a\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a\u6784\u9020\u65f6\u52a0\u9501\uff0c\u6790\u6784\u65f6\u89e3\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u5b83\u989d\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5ef6\u8fdf\u52a0\u9501<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u9501\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>std::unique_lock&lt;std::mutex&gt; lock(m, std::defer_lock);\n\n\/\/ \u6b64\u65f6\u5c1a\u672a\u52a0\u9501\ndo_something();\n\nlock.lock();   \/\/ \u624b\u52a8\u52a0\u9501\ncounter++;<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><code>lock_guard<\/code> \u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e2d\u9014\u89e3\u9501<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5e0c\u671b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u53ea\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u6301\u6709\u9501<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u91ca\u653e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>std::unique_lock&lt;std::mutex&gt; lock(m);\n\nupdate_shared_data();\n\nlock.unlock();  \/\/ \u63d0\u524d\u91ca\u653e\u9501\n\ndo_heavy_work();  \/\/ \u4e0d\u518d\u5360\u7528\u9501\n\nlock.lock();  \/\/ \u5982\u6709\u9700\u8981\u53ef\u518d\u6b21\u83b7\u53d6<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u7f29\u77ed\u9501\u7684\u6301\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e0e condition_variable \u914d\u5408<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><code>std::condition_variable<\/code> \u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e <code>std::unique_lock<\/code> \u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cpp\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801<code>std::unique_lock&lt;std::mutex&gt; lock(m);\ncv.wait(lock);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a <code>wait()<\/code> \u9700\u8981\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u4e34\u65f6\u91ca\u653e\u9501\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5524\u9192\u65f6\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u3002<code>lock_guard<\/code> \u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u63a7\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528 unique_lock\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.5 lock_guard \u4e0e unique_lock \u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u903b\u8f91\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u53ea\u9700\u7b80\u5355\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801 \u2192 <code>std::lock_guard<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u5ef6\u8fdf\u52a0\u9501 \/ \u624b\u52a8\u89e3\u9501 \u2192 <code>std::unique_lock<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf \u2192 <code>std::unique_lock<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u9009\u62e9 <code>lock_guard<\/code>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bed\u4e49\u66f4\u7b80\u5355<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f00\u9500\u66f4\u5c0f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fa\u9519\u7a7a\u95f4\u66f4\u5c11<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><code>unique_lock<\/code> \u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u662f\u4ee5\u7a0d\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.6 \u4e34\u754c\u533a\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff1a\u9501\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4ee3\u7801\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u53d8\u91cf\u201d<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a <code>mutex<\/code> \u5728\u201c\u9501\u4f4f\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c<code>mutex<\/code> \u53ea\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u533a\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5165\u540c\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>counter++;<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ea\u8981\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u533a\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u975e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\uff1a\u9501\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u662f\u201c\u8c01\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5185\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u54ea\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u7684\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u54ea\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u4ec5\u5bf9\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u533a\u57df\u52a0\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.7 \u9501\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u867d\u7136 <code>mutex<\/code> \u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6301\u6709\u9501\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\u9891\u7e41\u52a0\u9501\u6216\u9501\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u4f1a\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>std::lock_guard&lt;std::mutex&gt; lock(m);\n\/\/ \u5927\u91cf\u65e0\u5173\u8ba1\u7b97\n\/\/ \u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u4ee3\u7801\u771f\u6b63\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u9501\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u964d\u4f4e\u5e76\u53d1\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e32\u884c\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u5219\u662f\uff1a\u9501\u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u5c0f\u3001\u5c3d\u91cf\u77ed\u3001\u53ea\u8986\u76d6\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f29\u5c0f\u9501\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u5e76\u53d1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.8 \u5e38\u89c1\u98ce\u9669\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 <code>std::mutex<\/code> \u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u5fd8\u8bb0\u52a0\u9501\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u624b\u52a8 <code>lock()<\/code> \u540e\u5fd8\u8bb0 <code>unlock()<\/code>\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b7b\u9501<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9501\u8303\u56f4\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u591a\u4e2a <code>mutex<\/code> \u4ea4\u53c9\u52a0\u9501\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5f85<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u89c4\u5212\u9501\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u4e0e\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u662f\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><code>std::mutex<\/code> \u662f C++ \u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u4e92\u65a5\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4e3a\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63d0\u4f9b\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6d88\u9664\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4 <code>std::thread<\/code> \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u201c\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 <code>std::mutex<\/code> \u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u201c\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u9501\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6027\u80fd\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5728\u66f4\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u5e0c\u671b\u907f\u514d\u963b\u585e\u5f0f\u4e92\u65a5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f <code>std::atomic<\/code> \u5b58\u5728\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1astd::atomic<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7 <code>std::mutex<\/code> \u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u80fd\u591f\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u9664\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\uff1a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u585e\u3001\u53d1\u751f\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u5e76\u53d1\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u5f15\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f <code>std::atomic<\/code> \u5b58\u5728\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u539f\u5b50\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u539f\u5b50\u201d\uff08atomic\uff09\u5728\u5e76\u53d1\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u6253\u65ad\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u201c\u6267\u884c\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u201d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56de\u5230\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>counter++;<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u666e\u901a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u62c6\u89e3\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u8bfb\u53d6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u52a0\u4e00<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5199\u56de<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u590d\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u58f0\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>#include &lt;atomic&gt;\n\nstd::atomic&lt;int&gt; counter{0};<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>counter++;<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u66f4\u65b0\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 \u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u628a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u793a\u4f8b\u6539\u4e3a\u539f\u5b50\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>#include &lt;thread&gt;\n#include &lt;iostream&gt;\n#include &lt;atomic&gt;\n\nstd::atomic&lt;int&gt; counter{0};\n\nvoid add() {\n    for (int i = 0; i &lt; 100000; ++i)\n        counter++;\n}\n\nint main() {\n    std::thread t1(add);\n    std::thread t2(add);\n\n    t1.join();\n    t2.join();\n\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; counter &lt;&lt; std::endl;\n}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e3a 200000\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528 <code>mutex<\/code>\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\uff0c\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3 \u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><code>std::atomic<\/code> \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u9b54\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5e95\u5c42\u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3 CPU \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>x86 \u7684 <code>LOCK<\/code> \u524d\u7f00<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ARM \u7684 load-exclusive \/ store-exclusive \u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u603b\u7ebf\u7ea7\u522b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u67d0\u6b21\u5185\u5b58\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fd8\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff1aCAS\uff08Compare-And-Swap\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.4 CAS\uff1a\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>CAS \u7684\u903b\u8f91\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u503c == \u671f\u671b\u503c\n    \u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u65b0\u503c\n\u5426\u5219\n    \u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u505a<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>C++ \u7684 <code>std::atomic<\/code> \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd CAS \u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>compare_exchange_strong\ncompare_exchange_weak<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u7c7b\u578b<\/th><th>\u7279\u70b9<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>strong<\/td><td>\u53ea\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u6bd4\u8f83\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u624d\u8fd4\u56de false<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>weak<\/td><td>\u5141\u8bb8\u201c\u4f2a\u5931\u8d25\u201d\uff08spurious failure\uff09<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6240\u8c13\u4f2a\u5931\u8d25\u662f\u6307\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u503c\u76f8\u7b49\uff0cCAS \u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd4\u56de\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u751f\u6210\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728 <strong>\u5355\u6b21 CAS \u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong> \u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code>strong<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728 <strong>\u5faa\u73af CAS<\/strong> \u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code>weak<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u5faa\u73af\u672c\u8eab\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\u5178\u578b\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>while (!counter.compare_exchange_weak(expected, expected + 1)) {\n}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>CAS\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>#include &lt;atomic>\n\nstd::atomic&lt;int> value{0};\n\nint expected = 0;\nvalue.compare_exchange_strong(expected, 1);<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u8bfb\u53d6\u5f53\u524d <code>value<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0e <code>expected<\/code> \u6bd4\u8f83<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u5199\u5165\u65b0\u503c <code>1<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c <code>value == 0<\/code> \u2192 <code>value<\/code> \u53d8\u4e3a <code>1<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c <code>value != 0<\/code> \u2192 \u4fee\u6539\u5931\u8d25<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\uff1a\u5f53 CAS \u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c<code>expected<\/code> \u4f1a\u88ab\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>std::atomic&lt;int> value{5};\n\nint expected = 0;\n\nvalue.compare_exchange_strong(expected, 1);<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u540e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>expected == 5<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a CAS \u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6700\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u91cd\u65b0\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e76\u53d1\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0cCAS \u5f88\u5c11\u53ea\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5199\u6210 <strong>\u81ea\u65cb\u5faa\u73af\uff08retry loop\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>std::atomic&lt;int> counter{0};\n\nvoid increment() {\n    int expected = counter.load();\n\n    while (!counter.compare_exchange_weak(expected, expected + 1)) {\n        \/\/ expected \u5df2\u88ab\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u503c\n    }\n}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u903b\u8f91\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u8bfb\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u503c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5199\u5165\u65b0\u503c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4fee\u6539<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u91cd\u65b0\u5c1d\u8bd5<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\uff1a<strong>\u4e50\u89c2\u5e76\u53d1\uff08optimistic concurrency\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u5047\u8bbe\u51b2\u7a81\u5e76\u4e0d\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f4\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4fee\u6539\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5931\u8d25\u518d\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.5 atomic \u4e0e mutex \u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5c42\u9762\u770b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><code>mutex<\/code> \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u963b\u585e\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u201d\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b89\u5168<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>atomic<\/code> \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u786c\u4ef6\u7ea7\u539f\u5b50\u6307\u4ee4\u201d\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b89\u5168<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>mutex \u662f\u60b2\u89c2\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u5148\u9501\u4f4f\u518d\u8bf4\uff09\uff1b<br>atomic \u662f\u4e50\u89c2\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u5047\u8bbe\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0d\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.6 \u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u4f7f\u7528 atomic\uff1f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><code>std::atomic<\/code> \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b80\u5355\u8ba1\u6570\u5668<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5355\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u540c\u6b65<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7edf\u8ba1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>std::atomic&lt;bool&gt; ready{false};<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u591a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u5408\u4fee\u6539<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>x++;\ny++;<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528 atomic \u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.7 \u5185\u5b58\u987a\u5e8f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>memory_order_seq_cst<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u201c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u201d\u7684\u6700\u5f3a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b83\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>memory_order_relaxed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>memory_order_acquire<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>memory_order_release<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>memory_order_acq_rel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u660e\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u8f7b\u6613\u8c03\u6574 memory order\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.8 atomic \u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684 mutex\u201d<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u89e3\u662f\uff1aatomic \u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3 mutex\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>atomic \u53ea\u4fdd\u8bc1\u201c\u5355\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff0c<br>mutex \u4fdd\u8bc1\u201c\u4efb\u610f\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u201d\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u590d\u6742\u903b\u8f91\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0cmutex \u624d\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><code>std::atomic<\/code> \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u9700\u963b\u585e\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u786c\u4ef6\u7ea7\u539f\u5b50\u6307\u4ee4\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5355\u53d8\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u6bd4\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u66f4\u8f7b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u66f4\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4 <code>mutex<\/code> \u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u79e9\u5e8f\u6765\u907f\u514d\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 <code>atomic<\/code> \u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u907f\u514d\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7b80\u5355\u72b6\u6001\u540c\u6b65\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0catomic \u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\uff1b\u5728\u590d\u6742\u5171\u4eab\u903b\u8f91\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0cmutex \u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. C++ \u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e memory order<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5199\u4e0b\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3 CPU \u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e71\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5185\u5b58\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f C++11 \u5f15\u5165\u6b63\u5f0f\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\uff1f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>int data = 0;\nbool ready = false;\n\nvoid producer() {\n    data = 42;\n    ready = true;\n}\n\nvoid consumer() {\n    if (ready)\n        std::cout &lt;&lt; data &lt;&lt; std::endl;\n}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f4\u89c9\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c <code>ready == true<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u90a3\u4e48 <code>data<\/code> \u4e00\u5b9a\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a 42<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u91cd\u6392\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CPU \u53ef\u80fd\u4e71\u5e8f\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u505c\u7559\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cconsumer \u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>ready == true<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>data \u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u65e7\u503c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2 C++ \u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C++ \u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u51b3\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u54ea\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u54ea\u4e9b\u540c\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u80fd\u591f\u5efa\u7acb\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u5148\u540e\u5173\u7cfb\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\uff1ahappens-before \u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u64cd\u4f5c A happens-before \u64cd\u4f5c B\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 B \u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230 A \u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u5efa\u7acb happens-before \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.3 \u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c<code>std::atomic<\/code> \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>memory_order_seq_cst<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u201d\uff08sequential consistency\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-877cf48b-5e98-4d37-a79a-1fbb75bc9356\">\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\ufeff<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u6240\u6709\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u50cf\u6392\u6210\u4e00\u6761\u5168\u5c40\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u6309\u540c\u6837\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b83\u4eec<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5f3a\u3001\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u8bed\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.4 \u653e\u677e\u987a\u5e8f\uff1amemory_order \u7684\u5b58\u5728\u610f\u4e49<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9664\u4e86 <code>seq_cst<\/code>\uff0cC++ \u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u987a\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><code>memory_order_relaxed<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>memory_order_acquire<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>memory_order_release<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>memory_order_acq_rel<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u662f\u5426\u539f\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u5efa\u7acb\u8de8\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u548c\u987a\u5e8f\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>flag.store(true, std::memory_order_release);<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>if (flag.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {\n    \/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\n}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>release-acquire \u7ec4\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u5355\u5411\u7684 happens-before \u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u539f\u5b50\u6027 \u2260 \u987a\u5e8f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 relaxed \u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.5 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u8981\u6539 memory_order\uff1f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4 <code>seq_cst<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0d\u8981\u4e3b\u52a8\u964d\u4f4e\u5185\u5b58\u987a\u5e8f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u66f4\u5f31\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u66f4\u96be\u63a8\u7406<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u5165\u9690\u853d bug<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f18\u5316\u6536\u76ca\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u6709\u9650<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u987a\u5e8f\u4f18\u5316\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u65e0\u9501\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u624d\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.6 mutex \u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff1amutex \u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86 happens-before \u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u89e3\u9501 mutex<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u968f\u540e\u6210\u529f\u52a0\u9501\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a mutex<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u89e3\u9501\u524d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u52a0\u9501\u540e\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u89c1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 mutex \u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>mutex \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f\u5f3a\u540c\u6b65<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>atomic \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u63a7\u540c\u6b65<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.7 \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6574\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e32\u8d77\u6765\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><code>std::thread<\/code> \u63d0\u4f9b\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u80fd\u529b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u63ed\u793a\u5e76\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>std::mutex<\/code> \u5efa\u7acb\u4e92\u65a5\u987a\u5e8f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>std::atomic<\/code> \u63d0\u4f9b\u65e0\u9501\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u8de8\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u89c4\u5219<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>C++ \u5e76\u53d1\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u96f6\u6563\u7684 API\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u5206\u5c42\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>C++ \u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u5e76\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u63a8\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b83\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u54ea\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u54ea\u4e9b\u540c\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u5efa\u7acb\u987a\u5e8f\u5173\u7cfb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u89c1\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7406\u89e3 memory order\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u9891\u7e41\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u5e76\u53d1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u660e\u786e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u987a\u5e8f\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<br>\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u5efa\u7acb happens-before \u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u5907\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. C++ \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840 \u5728 C++11 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5f00\u53d1\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e73\u53f0\u76f8\u5173 A [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[69,76],"views":101,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.coni.top\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1012"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.coni.top\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.coni.top\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.coni.top\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.coni.top\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1012"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.coni.top\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1012\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1038,"href":"https:\/\/www.coni.top\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1012\/revisions\/1038"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.coni.top\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.coni.top\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.coni.top\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}